Bullfighting in the Sun Also Rises - 889 Words

Jonathan Rowe Essay 1: The Sun Also Rises English 42 Doctor Speirs 3/28/2010 No Bull in Bullfighting In The Sun Also Rises, Ernest Hemingway writes â€Å"nobody ever lives their life all the way up except bull-fighters† (100). Spoken by Jake, this line exemplifies the importance that bullfighting plays in the novel. Its not only portrayed as a sport, but rather as a complex, mathematical art in the form of a dance between the bull and fighter. The matador scene in chapter 18 is perhaps one of the richest in the novel due to its use of symbols. The choreography between Romero and the bull is reflective not only of the characterization of Brett and Jake, but of the relationship between Brett, her masculinity, and her†¦show more content†¦He was once a great fighter, but now refuses to subscribe to the new â€Å"decadent† (215) bullfighting style. His fighting style represents Cohn in the sense that they both had their shining moment—Cohns brief relationship with Brett, and Belmontes glory days of bullfighting: which theyre still trying to win back. Belmonte stands apart from the other fighters because he adheres to an traditional form of fighting. Similarly, Cohn is the only character with no involvement in the war, he preserves a sort of innocence and value system that disappeared with the â€Å"lost generation.† He tries to preserve the idea that sex equals intimacy and love, and throughout the novel his clumsy attempts to win back Brett are reflective of his refusal to understand that his brief relationship with Brett was simply a series of sexual encounters, nothing more. In conclusion, part of what makes Hemingways style so unique is that he simply shows, without much telling. The matador scene in chapter 18 is rich because it provides penetrating insight with its symbolism; Lady Brett with her elusive nature with men is captured through Romeros matador technique. The fact that Romero penetrates the bull with his sword accentuates the inherent masculinity that Brett displays—a sort of role reversal. Ch apter 18 also highlights the character of Cohn, and his role as a foil and its parallels to Belmontes traditionalShow MoreRelatedThemes In Ernest Hemingways The Sun Also Rises877 Words   |  4 Pages In ‘The Sun Also Rises,’ friendships are tested, romance is running high, and people reveal their true colors. There is a lot of drama that seems to unfold throughout the novel. The organization of the novel makes the drama seem more drastic. ‘The Sun Also Rises’ doesnt seem to have an effect on today’s generation, or how we view society. This novel had many bumps and curves as it goes, but it was a pleasure to read. For me, this novel was very hard to follow. I couldnt seem to make senseRead More Critiques of Ernest Hemingways Novel, Death in the Afternoon1434 Words   |  6 Pagesnonfiction description of bullfighting and Spanish culture in the 1920s and 1930s. In Curtis Pattersons words, It is a tripartite work: bullfighting in Spain, plus semi-autobiographical details of the author, plus smut. The smut is lugged in by the ears, is unnecessary, is not amusing. The semi-autobiographical details make me faintly sick at my stomach. The explanation of, guide book to, apology for bull-fighting is absorbingly interesting.1 This books focus on bullfighting is a complete transformationRead MoreThe Color Purple Chapter 11267 Words   |  6 Pagesfor the purpose of vampires and ghosts and how they do not just give the readers a scare. Vampires can be about sex and exploitation, while ghosts can be a messenger warning, or mental illness. While these monsters are vampire and ghosts, they ca n also be shown as human beings. As a kid, Celie gets continuously raped by her stepfather, which strips her of her innocence. Celie is later forced to marry Albert, an abusive man, who rapes and assaults her, stripping away her independence and confidenceRead MoreThe Sun Also Rises Modernism Analysis1507 Words   |  7 Pagesplace in which their characters struggle alone with unrealistic and futile dreams. With this in mind, The Sun Also Rises by Ernest Hemingway is a novel that details the story of Jacob Barnes and his circle of friends. Most of the friends, including Jake, are World War I veterans who have been harshly afflicted by their experiences in the war and heavily indulge in everything from booze to bullfighting, or, in the special case of Robert Cohn, are flawed despite not being in the war. Through the strugglesRead MoreJake Barnes As A Hemingway Code Hero1229 Words   |  5 Pagesin The Sun Also Rises Ernest Hemingway developed the Hemingway code hero after World War I as a representation of those who suffered after the brutality of war. Featured in many of Hemingway’s novels, the Hemingway Code Hero adheres to an unwritten, tacit set of self-established values and guidelines throughout all venues of life. He is a man characterized with a severe amount of drinking, enjoys an unusual sport, and an extravagant. In Ernest Hemingway’s fiction novel The Sun Also Rises, Jake BarnesRead MoreThe Sun Also Rises By Ernest Hemingway1169 Words   |  5 PagesThe Sun Also Rises, written by Ernest Hemingway, is a novel about a group of young expatriates, living in Paris after World War I and going on a trip to Spain filled with drinking, bullfighting, and much more. The protagonist, Jake Barnes, an impotent American WWI veteran and bullfighting aficionado, spends much of his time watching and sometimes helping Brett, the woman he loves, go off with other men. Most of the book ta kes place in urban areas like Paris and Pamplona is filled with drunken fightsRead MoreExamples Of Masculinity In The Sun Also Rises By Ernest Hemingway1204 Words   |  5 Pageswhen he wrote The Sun Also Rises. Ernest Hemingway was an amazing writer and he was one of the people who believed that guys should be masculine and girls should be feminine. His novel The Sun Also rises is a good example of this. In The Sun Also Rises, Ernest Hemingway shows us what he thought the definition of masculinity was by having his characters show us the many things that would make you masculine in his eyes, such as being in a war, getting really drunk, and bullfighting. This was his wayRead MoreHemingway: Ernest Hemingway was one of America’s best authors. He started out writing many1100 Words   |  5 PagesHadley decided to move to Europe and travel for a little while. While in Paris, Hemingway met many authors and artists. While travelling, he wrote articles for different newspapers and began some of his short stories and novels, including The Sun Also Rises. However, his devotion to writing led to Hadley and his divorce in 1927. However, Hemingway was not affected by this divorce because he had met who would soon be his next wife, Pauline Pfeiffer. Hemingway and Pauline left Europe in 1928 to moveRead MoreEssay on The True Heroes in Hemingways The Sun Also Rises 1300 Words   |  6 PagesThe True Heroes in Hemingways The Sun Also Rises   Ã‚   The imagery of bulls and steers pervades Hemmingways novel, The Sun Also Rises. Bullfighting is a major plot concern and is very important to the characters. The narrator physically resembles a steer due to the nature of his injury. Mike identifies Cohn as a steer in conversation because of his inability to control Brett sexually. Brett falls for a bullfighter, who is a symbol of virility and passion. However, there is a deeper level toRead MorePersonal Values In Ernest Hemingways The Sun Also Rises1051 Words   |  5 Pagesportrays in his novel The Sun Also Rises. Through the meetings and happenings of the character Montoya, Hemingway illustrates the importance of personal values to individuals, and how these values shape opinions and interactions within society. Through Montoya, Hemingway paints the perfect picture of a man who holds steadfast to his beliefs, relying on them to create a concrete foundation for his life. The majority of Montoya’s chief values can be traced to his love of bullfighting, the sport which rules

Pierre-Auguste Renoir Near the Lake Painting Essay examples

This 1879/80 scenic multicolored and glossy oil on canvas painting (47.5 x 56.4 cm) by Pierre-Auguste Renoir (1841-1919), a French artist of the Impressionism of Modern Art era. The painting is of two people (an older man and a young preadolescent girl), whom are about three feet apart from each other and are gathered on a rustic looking brown rail overlooking a wakeless sky-blue lake with one small dark-blue boat floating along the shore. There is a one occupant standing on the boat with a single pole in his hand (sometimes used to push small boats along rivers and lakes in Italy) and an outboard motor is attached to the other end of the craft. The lake’s blue color is the reflection of the calm blue color of the sky. In addition, there†¦show more content†¦This look is complimented with his collarless untucked blueberry colored shirt to go with his dark gray trousers. The young man is leaning on this rail with a cigarette between the fingers of his left hand; while his left arm is resting steadily on the brown rustic looking rail with his right hand pressed deeply into his front right pocket pants defines his demeanor. The young girl is dressed in a sky blue windbreaker or sweater with a straw hat in which her long brown-reddish hair flows from underneath; her floppy straw hat also has a small blueberry colored ribbon around its crown. She is facing the man while also leaning on the rail with her right arm resting on top of it, and her left arm is out in front of her while both hands are clasped together on top of the rail. She is looking up at the young man as he is looking down at her. In addition, there are two different bundles of intertwined vines a couple of feet apart from each other that are hanging from the top of this painting, originating from the tree behind the young man. These vines are on each side of the young girl and perfectly place her in the center of the painting. Although it does not standout in this painting, but some of the green grass, plants, and vines are falling on the top of the rail behind the girl, whileShow MoreRelatedHUM 112 ASSIGNMENT Project Paper 21151 Words    |  5 Pagesnew office. There have been many great artists and artwork and I wanted to start with 19th century Impressionist paintings. The term Impressionism first used sarcastically, was derived in part from the title of a painting, Impression, Sunrise (1872, Musà ©e Marmottan-Claude Monet, Paris), by Claude Monet. The term first used sarcastically, was derived in part from the title of a painting, Impression, Sunrise (1872, Musà ©e Marmottan-Claude Monet, Paris), by Claude Monet. The impressionists usually worked

Sampling Future of Food Innovation †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Sampling Future of Food Innovation. Answer: Introduction Our team comprised of five members who were responsible for gathering and analyzing different segments of the Knowledge Management report. The team faced several ups and downs but it was a good attempt to understand the business context in real life challenges. We would like to work for Share-A-Meal by 2025 due to socioeconomic reasons. This report helps in looking into the external environment of Singapore through PESTEL analysis management that can be controlled by contextualizing the venture Share-A-Meal. It is analyzed that Singapore is a successful business hub with higher cost of living. There is competitiveness in the country that gives a boost to all kinds of businesses. By 2025, Singapore shall be reliable on high end technology and highly skilled employees shall be able to serve the jobs. It is analyzed that our company, SAM shall reduce food wastage in Singapore which is a necessary step for social and economic development of the nation. This project helped me in understan ding the value of food and money which would otherwise be only treated as a low-level discussion. This paper helped me in understanding the impact of food wastage and designing the idea of reduced food wastage with the help of advanced information technology. This report helped me determine the challenges that could arise in the uncontrollable or external environment, so that I can transform the threats into opportunities. By analyzing our personal strengths and weaknesses, the suitable roles in the organization such as CEO, CFO and others could also be identified. Conclusion This report helped in understanding that Singapore is a safe country with a stable economy. The study found that Singapore has high job opportunities that make the economic condition better. It is found that Singapore invites foreign investor and businesses due to the strong stability and environment. There are declining birth rates and education is considered highly important. Singapore shall have a higher cost of living by 2025 that would increase competitiveness in education and workforce. With the advancement in technology, the jobs shall require greater skills and prepare people for an even rapid growth. The company, Share-A-Meal shall strive to meet the needs for consumer in the future by helping organizations management and individual to reduce food wastages in Singapore. It shall be based on e-commerce and link the organization by playing the role of a middleman. The report suggests that the target market includes private companies, non-profit organizations and individuals th at are willing to contribute to the society and also helping to reduce food wastage in Singapore. Certain recommendations such as 3D printed meal, double-loop learning and others are provided. Lastly, the report suggests that Renuka could be the Chief Executive Officer, Bella as Chief Finance Officer, Hazima as Chief Operation Officer, Yuen Teng as Chief Marketing Officer, and Azli as Chief Research and Design Officer. These positions are suggested based on the personal strengths and weaknesses of the team members. References Foodbank.sg. 2017. "How It Works".Foodbank.Sg. https://www.foodbank.sg/index.php/banking-differently/how-it-works. Internations.org. 2017. "Cost Of Living In Singapore".Internations.Org. https://www.internations.org/singapore-expats/guide/16061-economy-finance/cost-of-living-in-singapore-16043. Meyer, Arnoud De. 2015. "The Jobs - They Are A-Changing".The Straits Times. https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/the-jobs-they-are-a-changing. Mingfeng, Alfred Chua. 2017. "Singapore Workers Unhappiest In South-East Asia: Survey".Todayonline. https://www.todayonline.com/singapore/singapore-workers-unhappiest-southeast-asia-survey. Nea.gov.sg. 2017. "Waste Statistics And Overall Recycling".Nea.Gov.Sg. https://www.nea.gov.sg/energy-waste/waste-management/waste-statistics-and-overall-recycling. Sadowski, Jathan. 2017. "Food Delivery By Drones: Coming To A Restaurant Near You".The Sydney Morning Herald. https://www.smh.com.au/technology/technology-news/food-delivery-by-drones-coming-to-a-restaurant-near-you-20130807-2rf10.html. Salleh, NUR. 2017. "Singapore Climbs To 7Th On Global Least-Corrupt Index".The Straits Times. https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/singapore-climbs-to-7th-on-global-least-corrupt-index. Shiao, Vivien. 2017. "Sampling The Future Of Food Innovation In Singapore".The Business Times. https://www.businesstimes.com.sg/government-economy/sampling-the-future-of-food-innovation-in-singapore. Spiegel, Alison. 2014. "All The Foods You Can Get Delivered By Drones".Huffington Post India. https://www.huffingtonpost.in/entry/food-delivery-drone_n_5461689. Todayonline.com. 2016. "The Evolution Of SPoreS Speakers Corner".Todayonline. https://www.todayonline.com/singapore/evolution-spores-speakers-corner. Todayonline.com. 2015. "Cost Of Living A Worry For Many".Todayonline.Com. https://www.todayonline.com/singapore/cost-living-worry-many. Todayonline.com. 2016. "Prepare For The Cost Of Raising A Child".Todayonline. https://www.todayonline.com/business/prepare-cost-raising-child-0. Yong, Charissa. 2017. "Singapore's Total Fertility Rate Dipped To 1.20 In 2016".Straits Times. https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/singapores-total-fertility-rate-dipped-to-120-in-2016.

The collapse of Barings Bank Essay Example

The collapse of Barings Bank Paper Although books and biographies have been written about the fall of Englands largest and most prestigious bank, the following will give a synopsis of the tragedy that was filled with deceit, possible conspiracy, and definitely unethical behavior. On February 25, 1995, Barings Bank announced to the world that it was insolvent to meet its losses accumulated on the SIMEX, Singapore International Monetary Exchange, by a trader named Nick Leeson. As amazing as it sounds, Nick Leeson had lost the bank 869 million pounds in less than three years. How is it possible? Who is responsible? Why did it happen? The story started in July 1992 when a twenty five year old futures and options trader, Nick Leeson was sent to Singapore to be a telephone clerk for Barings newly established Baring Futures (Singapore) Ltd. However Leeson was not simply an order taker, he was the Floor Manager as well as the Head of Settlement Operations. To completely understand the duties of each position are complex but each position is suppose, to keep an eye on the other. Barings management claimed in court that Leeson was only hired as a Telephone Clerk, but his ability to demand more money from the London office and to manipulate accounts showed otherwise. We will write a custom essay sample on The collapse of Barings Bank specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The collapse of Barings Bank specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The collapse of Barings Bank specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Nick Leeson was primarily trading Nikkei 225 futures on the SIMEX and Osaka exchange by using a trading strategy called arbitrage. There is nothing illegal about that, he was simply trying to take advantage of the spread in trading prices between the two exchanges. He set up the relevant accounts for Barings customers and an error account for any mistakes that might be made. Errors are a common facet of the trading business but most often these errors are negligible to the trading (Broker Dealer) firms bottom line. Oddly, Leeson numbered this error account 88888 rather than utilizing a standard account number beginning with the number 9. Although the home office was not concerned with this, a new error account was established with the number 99002. However, Leeson never closed the original error account, 88888, because he was in fact using the error account for his own trading purposes. This was relatively easy for Leeson since the Monetary Authority of Singapore refuses outside regulators permission to inspect the operations of subsidiary banks working on the SIMEX and because the Baring home office had left Leeson and the Singapore group to do their own reconciliation (matching trades and accounts). Leeson had complete control of the daily operations, but how did he get access to so much money? Although discovered after the Banks collapse, Gordon Bowser, the Derivatives Manager in London, had given full discretion to Leeson to ask for whatever funds he needed to cover margin calls for clients without having to provide any details. A margin call is when you leverage your cash to a point where the exchange requires more capital to insure your solvency to cover your outstanding positions. By having this open doorway to capital, Leeson could create false margin calls and errors in order to fund and support his 88888 account. By the Fall of 1993, Barings top executives considered Leeson a trading genius because he was reporting incredible profits. In reality, Leeson was taking the trading losses in his secret error account and thereby improving his reported performance. Leeson was promoted to Assistant Director and General Manager and was even given discretion to the time and price of all trades. According to his own testimony, Leeson had already lost 25 million pounds by the end of 1993. The real destruction of Barings came when the Bank decided to consolidate their entire capital under one roof rather than keep it separate between Bankers and Brokers. This solo-consolidation allowed Leeson to use more of the firms capital. Instead of being limited to 25%, Leeson had leveraged 44. 6% of the firms consolidated capital by the end of 1993. In 1994, Leeson would attempt to earn back the money by partaking in even more aggressive trading activities in the 88888 account. He would take the losses from 25 million pounds to over 800 million by the end the year. With Leesons trading activities utilizing some much of Barings capital, the bank decided to pay more attention his activities and to do some its own reconciling. Unfortunately, it was not until February 1995 that Barings sent Tony Railton to Singapore to reconcile all client accounts with margin calls. It took only ten days from Railtons arrival for Barings to realize that they were insolvent. Barings Bank conceded to the world their demise two days later on the 25th of February. Leeson was caught at the airport and sentenced to 6 years in Changi jail. He was released after serving only 4 years due to colon cancer. Since his release in July 1999, he has been giving seminars and speaking publicly about his activities during his employment with Barings. However, he will receive nothing from these public appearances, his book, Rogue Trader, or the movie Rogue Trader. All money received will be put towards paying off a 100 million pound plus interest and costs injunction placed against him by the creditors of Barings Bank. After the collapse, the Dutch Bank ING, the Internationale Netherlanden Groep, bought Barings Bank for 660 million pounds. Today, the Bank goes by the name ING Barings. Obviously, Leeson acted in an unethical manner, but is he the only one to blame? Many people have argued that the Barings executives should also be held accountable because of their poor management and lack of responsibility to the stakeholders of the company. Sources: Fay, Stephen. The Collapse of Barings. Richard Cohen Books, London. 1996. Leeson, Nick. Rogue Trader. Little, Brown and Company, London. 1996. British Airways After years of being a government run business, British Airways was privatized in 1983. Several years later, after the market was opened to competition, Richard Branson entered the fray. Branson, well known as one of Britains premier entrepreneurs, founded Virgin Atlantic Airways. The airline was new territory for the successful Branson, as he was best known for founding Virgin Records over a decade earlier. Although Virgin in the late eighties and early nineties had only eight planes and British Airways had 230, British Airways presumably found the high profile start-up a threat. Apparently, British Airways employees engaged in quite questionable practices to ensure its small rival would have even less of the market share. Richard Branson of Virgin filed a libel lawsuit against the airline giant in Great Britain due to some of these unseemly business practices. In court, evidence of British Airways unethical behavior was presented. Allegedly, the company broke into Virgins computers for information on their passengers. British Airways also hired a Public Relations specialist, Brian Basham, to find and release negative information about Branson and Virgin to the media. British Airways employees also engaged in poaching-they contacted or approached Virgin customers and falsely claimed their flights on Virgin had been cancelled or over-booked. Then agents asked if the passengers would be interested in flying on British Airways, instead? Other allegations surfaced as well, such as break-ins at the homes of Virgin employees. Please see: http://www. businesswire. com/webbox/bw. 081997/455117. htm, As more information came out, British Airways decided to settle out of court. In early 1993, British Airways paid Richard Branson 2. 5 million to settle the libel portion of the suit. This was to compensate Virgin for the damage to its reputation. The executives admitted they had engaged in a campaign against Virgin, but did not reveal the extent of their campaign. (Dwyer, Paula. BRITISH AIR-NOT CRICKET, Business Week On-line, January 25, 1993. ) Virgin again filed suit against British Airways in Britain in 1993 to review the poaching charge. Unfortunately, the top managers at British Airways have never fully disclosed their unfair business practices. (Coleman, Brian. Virgin Group Sues British Airways Over Dirty Tricks, Wall Street Journal, May 7, 1993) Later in 1993, Branson later filed suit against British Airways in the United States, alleging an anti-trust situation. In total, Bransons lawsuit filed in the United States consisted of six different charges. Virgin claimed damages in the amount of one billion dollars. During 1997, the court dismissed three of the six charges and allowed Virgin more time to gather additional information. In November of 1999, all remaining charges against British Airways were dismissed because Virgin had not met its burden of proof in the claims. For more information, see http://press. britishairways. com/cgi-bin/view_article_month In 1997, Virgin filed against British Airways with the European Union Court, and Virgin won. British Airways was forced to pay 6. 8 million in fines for unfair business practices. Virgin accused British Airways of compensating British travel agents through extra commissions to book passengers on British Airways instead of Virgin. In fact, the European Union warned British Airways its incentives were illegal, prior to Bransons lawsuit, and the company chose to ignore the warning. Regardless of the truth ever emerging, the tactics of British Airways had little affect on stakeholders. In 1993, the companys stock fell over ten percent. By the end of 1993 the stock value jumped to more than recover any of those losses. In addition to temporary stockholder losses, the company lost money in the form of various fines and legal costs. These fines were quite small in comparison with British Airways revenue of over 8. 6 billion dollars. Please see: http://www. hemscott. com/EQUITIES/company/cd01593. htm The succession plan of management did not change despite suspicion of active involvement in the tactics. During the initial lawsuit, John L. King was President and Chairman of British Airways. He fulfilled his plan to name Sir Colin Marshall as his replacement as Chairman upon his scheduled retirement in July of 1993. Witnesses in trial proceedings actually stated that tactics they had used were known and approved of by management. Marshall continues to sit on the Board today. British Airways lost some of its credibility and damaged some of its future partnerships. When the facts came out, the general public viewed the airline with disdain. The allegations of the unethical practices and the ensuing lawsuits endangered potential partnerships with American Airlines. Eventually, though the partnership culminated. Also, British Airways had to withdraw a bid for a substantial portion of US Airways at one point as well because the United States government would not approve of the deal. Several years later, British Airways formed a partnership with US Airways. See http://flug-revue. com/FRHeft/fr9609e. htm; (Dwyer, Paula. BRITISH AIR-NOT CRICKET, Business Week On-line, January 25, 1993. )Today, the companies have what is now known as a friendly rivalry. Several years ago, Martyn Gregory and Nick Rufford wrote a book called Dirty Tricks: The Inside Story of British Airways Secret War Against Richard Bransons Virgin Atlantic which told the story about the unfair, unethical, and illegal tactics of British Airways against Virgin. Unfortunately, this book went out of print within weeks of its first publication, and is still extremely difficult to find. Both companies are thriving in todays healthy business climate. Additional resources: www. virgin-atlantic. com www. british-airways. com.

Various metal oxides Essay Example

Various metal oxides Essay Aim: Various metal oxides will be added to the hydrogen peroxide and the production of oxygen of the reaction mixture will determine catalysis. The volume of oxygen evolved will be observed and recorded to measure the reaction rate and the reaction rates of the different metal oxides will be compared.Scientific Background: Catalysis is the process by which the activation energy is lowered to allow the reaction to occur at less extreme conditions, during the process the catalyst does not under go any overall change. The catalyst reduces the activation energy by using a chemical route with activation energy less then the route, which would otherwise be taken in the absence of the catalyst. During catalysis the reacting substance usually undergoes a change or changes in oxidation state, therefore the catalyst must also be able to change its oxidation state. The s p block metals possess or exhibit only one oxidation state. The reason being that their oxidation state depends on the remov al of electrons from their outermost shell.The further removal of electrons will result in the penetration of stable inner shells that are filled with electrons. This would require an excessive amount of energy. As a result of this, the catalysts are not able to enter their different oxidation states and this therefore does not allow them to successfully act like a catalyst. Transition metals can form ions, which have D orbitals, which are partially filled with electrons. D orbitals are the outer most shells and they can hold up to 10 electrons and they also have similar energy levels, which allows them to overlap within each other. It is this process which allows the transition metals to have various oxidation states. The orbital possess the same energy, which enables transition metal ions to enter their different oxidation states. This therefore allows them to act as catalysts. As there are more spaces for electrons to be lost and gained the reaction can take place faster and bett er.The general equation for the experiment is:CATALYST2H2O2 O2+2H20From the equation it can be seen that Oxygen is produced in the reaction and this is what is being collected and measured in the gas syringe.Prediction: The transition metal oxides MnO2 (Manganese oxide), ZnO (Zinc Oxide) and CuO (Copper Oxide) will be compared with SiO2 (Silicon Oxide), A12O3 (Aluminium Oxide) and PbO (Lead Oxide) which are transitional metal oxides to see their action on hydrogen peroxide and therefore see if only the transition metal oxide allow catalysis or that all metal oxides allow catalysis for this reaction.Apparatus:In the experiment, 20cm3 of water and 20cm3 of hydrogen peroxide will be used.The above apparatus is easy to use and will give quick results; a stop clock will be used to see how much gas is collected in a given time. The conical flask is used to keep the solution in and the rubber bung is placed on top firmly to prevent any loss of gas, which would obviously affect results.The following oxides will be chosen for the experiment: SiO2, A12O3, PbO, MnO2, ZnO and CuO. 1 gram of each oxide shall be usedSiO2, A12O3 and PbO are not transition metal oxide, whereas MnO2, ZnO and CuO are transition metal oxide. They will be used to compare the catalytic action if any of transition and non-transition metal oxide on hydrogen peroxide.1 gram of each oxide allows a sensible amount of oxide to be used without causing a dangerously vigorous reaction to occur.Variables:The following variables will be controlled throughout the experiment:Temperature can affect the reaction rate of H2O2 decomposition. Two molecules can only react if they have enough energy, by heating a mixture the energy levels will be raised of the molecules involved in the reaction. Therefore, by increasing the temperature the molecules will move faster and collide with each other more quickly. This will increase the rate of reaction and so the temperature will be kept constant throughout the experiment by carrying it out under room temperature.Concentration and volumes of the hydrogen peroxide must be kept constant because if there are more molecules of a particular substance in a certain volume then there is more of a chance of the molecules colliding with each other. The frequency of collisions is increased which increases the rate of reaction. Thus the hydrogen peroxide must be kept constant for each run of the experiment with a metal oxide. The amount of oxide must also be kept constant for the same reasons.Particulate size could affect the rate of reaction as if the particle sizes are larger then the rate of reaction will be slower because there is a smaller surface area for the substance to react on. By crushing the catalysts to have the same particle sizes this can be controlled.The key variable is the one, which will be the one, which is varied in the experiment. In this case it will be the metal oxide used in the experiment, which will be varied.Preliminary Experiment:A p reliminary experiment was carried out using the same apparatus and the catalysts used were manganese oxide, iron oxide and lead (iv) oxide. The manganese oxide worked well as a catalyst but no results could be collected as the reaction went to quickly. This is most probably due to the amount of oxide being too much. No results were collected for iron oxide, and lead (iv) oxide because they did not produce any gas and therefore did not work as catalysts. The apparatus seemed appropriate however, a clamp stand was not used to hold the syringe up and so the apparatus can be modified so that the gas syringe is supported by the clamp stand. The other modifications, which need to be made, are the catalysts being used and amount of oxide. The amount of oxide used in the preliminary experiment was 2 grams and so this can be reduced to 1 gram to decrease the rate of the reaction so that a good set of results can be collected.Method:1 Measure out using a measuring cylinder 20cm3 water and 20 cm3 hydrogen peroxide and add to a conical flask.2- Using the balance to weigh out accurately 1 gram of MnO2.3- Using the filter paper used to weigh the oxide add the oxide to the hydrogen peroxide, and immediately stopper the flask with the connecting tube attached to the bung.4- Immediately start the stop clock and see how much gas is collected the gas evolved will push the syringe itself; therefore do not touch the syringe. Readings should be taken every 10 seconds.5- Record how much gas if any is collected until the syringe stops moving itself.6- Repeat the experiment with MnO2 so three sets of results can be collected to find an average.7- Do 1-6 with the remaining oxides and tabulate the results.Safety:* Hydrogen peroxide is a corrosive liquid and should therefore be used sensibly and eye and skin contact should be prevented.* Manganese IV Oxide is harmful and again skin contact should be avoided.* An overall should be worn when handling hydrogen peroxide.* Goggles should be w orn when adding the oxide to the peroxide, although they are not needed throughout the rest of the experiment.Reliability of Results:* When collecting the gas, the attachment of the rubber bung should be very quick to minimise any loss of gas.* The hydrogen peroxide should be measured out accurately. The oxides should also be weighed accurately using an accurate balance.* The oxides should all be in solid powdered form and not in any other form, as this will effect how the catalysts react with the hydrogen peroxide. If the surface area is different on the catalysts then they will react more/less violently.* The apparatus should be cleaned after each run with water to remove any impurities that may affect the next experiment.* The timing of each experiment should be accurate and a digital stop clock should be used.All theses steps should ensure that reliablePrecision and Accuracy:* The balance is a precision instrument with an accuracy of 0.01 grams. This is sufficient for the task a t hand.* The syringe is accurate to 1cm3, however it can be seen when the syringe marker is halfway through the points so the results can be recorded to an accuracy of 0.5cm3.Results: The following tables show the amount of oxygen evolved from each catalyst and the three readings taken are also listed.Time from start of exp. (s)Volume of gas produced by MnO2 (cm3)Reading 1Reading 2Reading 3Average109.56.54.56.82015.512.511.513.23024191720.04029.5272527.25035.536.52933.7604444.536.541.770494843.546.88054.55249.552.09057.5565255.210060.562.556.559.811064.56460.563.01206868.56466.813074726871.314076757374.7150827977.579.516087.583.58083.717093.588.583.588.51809593.58691.5190100948894.02001009590.595.2The line graph on the next page shows the average amount of oxygen produced by manganese oxide against time in seconds. Adding up all the readings and dividing by all the readings taken i.e. 3 have found the average.The following table shows the amount of oxygen evolved in a certain amount of time from the catalyst PbO.Time from start of exp. (s)Volume of gas produced by PbO (cm3)Reading 1Reading 2Reading 3Average104554.72055.55.55.3306666.04076.56.56.7507.576.57.0607.576.57.0707.576.57.0807.576.57.0907.576.57.01007.576.57.01107.576.57.01207.576.57.01307.576.57.01407.576.57.01507.576.57.01607.576.57.01707.576.57.01807.576.57.01907.576.57.02007.576.57.0On the next page is a graph with a line of best fit representing the results in the last column above, which represents the average results.The following table shows the amount of oxygen evolved in a certain amount of time by the catalyst Al2O3.Time from start of exp. (s)Volume of oxygen produced by Al2O3 (cm3)Reading 1Reading 2Reading 3Average103232.7203232.73032.53.53.0403.543.53.7503.543.53.7603.54.543.87044.544.28044.544.2904544.31004544.31104.55.544.71204.55.54.54.81304.55.54.54.814055.54.55.015055.54.55.016055.555.217055.555.218055.555.219055.555.220055.555.2On the following page the graph for the results above ha s been included. Only the average results are shown.The following table shows how much gas is evolved from the catalyst Copper Oxide (CuO):Time from start of exp. (s)Volume of oxygen produced by CuO (cm3)Reading 1Reading 2Reading 3Average102322.3203433.3304544.3405655.3505.575.56.06067.55.56.3706.5866.8807.58.567.3908967.71008.5967.811099.568.21209.51068.51301010.568.8140101169.0150101169.0160101169.0170101169.0180101169.0190101169.0200101169.0The graph on the following page shows the average amount of gas produced by Copper oxide in a certain amount of time.The following table shows the amount of oxygen produced by Silicon Oxide (SiO2) on every run of the experiment.Time from start of exp. (s)Volume of gas produced by SiO2Reading 1Reading 2Reading 3Average101121.3202232.330333.53.2403.543.53.750453.54.2604.553.54.3704.553.54.3804.553.54.3904.553.54.31004.553.54.31104.553.54.31204.553.54.31304.553.54.31404.553.54.31504.553.54.31604.553.54.31704.553.54.31804.553.54.31904.553.54.32004 .553.54.3The graph on the next page shows the average amount of gas produced by Silicon Oxide.The table shows the amount of oxygen evolved from the hydrogen peroxide solution and the Zinc oxide catalyst.Time from start of exp. (s)Volume of gas produced by ZnO (cm3)Reading 1Reading 2Reading 3Average106444.7207.5566.2308677.0409788.05010899.0601191010.070129.51110.88012.51011.511.3901310.51211.810013.51112.512.311014.511.51313.0120151213.513.513016121414.014016121414.015016121414.016016121414.017016121414.018016121414.019016121414.020016121414.0On the next page is a graph to show the average amount of oxygen evolved from zinc oxide and hydrogen peroxide solution.Analysis:It can be seen that there is a pattern in the results and this pattern indicates that as the reaction starts more and more gas is produced but as it continues the reaction begins to slow down and not as much gas is produced as the volume of reactants is decreasing. The reaction finishes when no more oxygen is produced . There is a directly proportional relationship between the time and the volume of gas produced; as time increases more gas is produced however, this is only up to a certain point, when the reaction is running at its highest potential it can no longer produce oxygen. Giving the example of manganese oxide, at 20 seconds it was at 15cm3 and then at 70 seconds it was 49cm3. This re-enforces the conclusion gathered above. However, from the graphs of the other catalysts, it can be seen that they differ from manganese oxide.Each graph has to be analysed individually as they each follow a slightly different pattern. Below each graph has been analysed to further show what they allude to.Graph 1 shows the amount of oxygen evolved with the transition metal catalyst manganese oxide. It can be noticed instantly that as times increases the volume of gas being produced increases however, the gradient of the curve decreases i.e. the volume of oxygen being evolved rapidly decreases. It can be seen that at the beginning the line of best fit is steepest and so this shows that the reaction is running at its best towards the beginning. It can be seen that more gas is being produced at the beginning, if one looks between 20 and 30 seconds the difference between the amounts of gas evolved is 6.8cm3 and between 180 and 190 seconds the difference is 3.4. This shows that the rate of reaction is decreasing because the catalyst can no longer produce anymore oxygen and the reaction is running at its highest. The maximum amount of gas evolved from manganese oxide is 95.5cm3.Graph 2 shows the amount of oxygen evolved with the metal oxide Lead oxide. It can be seen that at first the amount of gas is increasing by a large amount each time but as time goes on the difference in the amount of gas produced is decreasing. This shows that the reaction is slowing down and the reactants have been used up in the reaction so there is no more gas being produced.Graph 3 shows the amount of oxygen evolve d with the metal oxide aluminium oxide. It can be seen that initially there is a steep increase in the volume of gas evolved over the first 10 seconds. There is then a gradual increase over the next 80 seconds after which point the graph begins to plateau. After 160 seconds no more gas is evolved from the reaction as it has produced as much as it can. The reaction has ended as all the reactants have reacted together.Graph 4 shows the amount of oxygen evolved with the transition metal catalyst copper oxide. It can be seen that there is a steady increase in gas that is being evolved. There are very few anomalous results on the graph and they have been circled. They could have occurred due to misreading the gas syringe and recording incorrect results.Graph 5 shows the amount of oxygen evolved with the metal oxide silicon oxide. The gas evolves quite slowly and the reaction completes in 60 seconds.Graph 6 shows the amount of oxygen evolved with the transition metal catalyst zinc oxide. The reaction starts off very quickly and completes in between 130-140 seconds.As the prediction made was to compare the transition metal oxides to metal oxides it could be seen from the graphs that MnO2, CuO and ZnO work best as catalysts as they produce the most amount of gas. The other catalysts did not work as well and did not produce very good results. The reason for the transition metals to work so well is because transition metal atoms have the space and energy to allow the catalysts to have variable oxidation states whereas the other metal oxides are not capable of doing this as they do not have the same set of sub-shells as the transition metal oxides. The transition metal oxides have d-orbitals, which is a sub-shell with similar levels of energy, which allows the electrons to overlap and jump from being in one oxidation state to another. However, the metal oxides do not have d-orbitlas but just S and P sub-shells.Evaluation:The experimental techniques that were used can be said to be suitable for the task at hand. It can be said at with some catalysts the techniques may have been unsuitable however the reason for them being suitable are:1. The results obtained for some of the catalysts shows clear trend and patterns eluding to the fact that the procedure used was suitable.2. The trends and patterns identified directly correlate with the hypothesis at the beginning and the outcome of the procedure expected.3. The procedure allowed the volume of oxygen evolved to be measured.The reliability of results was high as the difference between repeated readings was small which re-enforces the reliability of the results. The procedure allowed all variables to be controlled, the temperature and concentration were maintained well and the particulate size was maintained by crushing the catalysts to the same size. The apparatus allowed precise results to be collected. Evidence for this is that the difference between repeated readings is small and the amount of anoma lous results is small thus the number of errors must be small.The plan and method that was used for this experiment can be said to be very good. The reason being that both fulfilled their intended tasks. Before the investigation, it was desired to find how different metal catalysts affect the rate of reaction and to draw conclusions, which did or did not cohere to the prediction made. This was achieved as it could be seen whether transition metal catalysts and metal catalysts had an affect on the rate of reaction.As in any investigation, errors were present despite the fact that prior to the investigation all such errors were minimised. Below the errors and problems encountered are discussed along with the improvements that could be made to avoid these problems:1. The volume of gas on the syringe could have been misread which would lead to inaccuracy of results. This could be one reason for why some anomalous results would have appeared. This can be avoided by2. The stopper was not being placed on the conical flask quick enough and so much gas was lost during this time. By the time the stopper was placed onto the conical flask, the reaction was coming to an end. To prevent further loss of gas in future experiments the following could be done:* Another individual could be asked to place the stopper on, however in this process some gas will still be lost.* A divider flask could be used which is a conical flask that is split into two sections. If the catalyst is placed in one section and the solution is another the divider flask will allow the reactants to be separate for long enough so that the stopper can be placed on. Once this has been done, the conical flask can be tipped over slightly to let the reactants mix.

Explain succinctly how the musical language of the Concerto essays

Explain succinctly how the musical language of the Concerto essays Bartk was born in Hungary in 1881. He was a student of Liszt and Wagner, and influenced by Brahms. He became interested in Folk music during his younger years, and set out on a long expedition of collecting folk songs from the sub cultures of many countries. He did this so he could understand the music and how it arose and how it is transmitted. Modern Hungarian folk music research can be said to have commenced when Kodaly and Bartk set out on their first collecting trips in 1905 and 1906 respectively. From the outset they worked concertedly and systematically. They made a geographical division between them of the territories to cover. Bartk soon noticed that songs usually known as folk songs werent infact true folk, and that much more genuine folk music could be found among the peasantry. He began collecting folk music around 1905 and his collection expanded out to Eastern Europe. Bartk wanted to create modern music that equalled the modern west, so that this were better attitude could be overcome. The Concerto for Orchestra was completed in the autumn of 1943 and has a total of five movements indicating Bartks like of symmetry. The first and forth movements contain specific passages that are very prominent of folk tunes. Both the Harmonic and Melodic elements of the concerto represent a distillation of Bartks maturest style; the tendency to-ward more strongly affirmed tonality, lucid textures, plastic rhythms, is here intensified. But at the same time earlier characteristics become prominent. The parlando rubato of the introductory section as well as the intervallic structure of its melodies is firmly rooted in Hungarian Peasant music. In the opening movement, Bartk begins with a melody theme played by the cellos and basses. This begins at bar 1, ends at bar 6, and is repeated many ti ...

Industrial Organization Economics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Industrial Organization Economics - Essay Example Globalization has led to opening up of borders to facilitate trade. Those countries and companies that are ahead in the game realize the benefits compared to the laggards. Some of the strategies that nations have adopted to neutralize the effects of competition arising from globalization include creating barriers to entry, strategic entry deterrence as well as mergers and acquisitions. The rest of the paper will outline how the three factors influence industrial organizations as well as their impacts. It will achieve it by discussing three newspaper articles on the same subject. In an article by Gelles (March 12, 2015) in the New York Times titled, "Uncertainty weighs on Endo’s higher bid for Salix Pharmaceuticals† confirms the competitiveness of merger and acquisition. The article talks about the competition existing between Endo International and Valeant Pharmaceutical over who acquires Salix Pharmaceuticals. Endo has offered $ 175 per share, compared to $ 158 per share that Valeant offers (Gelles2015). It implies that the company that offers a higher bid per share may acquire the parent company and expand the operations. However, many factors hinder the merger and acquisition. These factors are related to policy issues. The board of the parent company has to agree to the offer because the deal will be binding to all the stakeholders including shareholders of the acquired company. In this article, people learn many issues regarding the topic or merger and acquisition. It is contrary to earlier knowledge that acquisition or merger was an arran gement of two companies; this article provides evidence of a third party. Third parties can come in if they offer a higher bid than what others offer. Endo offered a higher bid than what Salix had anticipated, which gives it a greater chance of acquiring the new investment or the company (Gelles 2015). It is a new scenario rarely experienced among accompanies. In the article by